Cost-optimal Transformation of the German Energy System by 2045

The energy transition is a fundamental modernization program for industry and national security.

This Fraunhofer ISE study for The smarter E Europe proves beyond doubt: A seamless 24/7 renewable energy supply is reliable, protects against volatile cost risks, and secures long-term prosperity. A smart network of grids, storage, and flexible demand flawlessly balances fluctuations.

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Publisher: The smarter E Europe | Fraunhofer ISE

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